Risk Factors Associated with Complications of Coronary Angiography at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Karachi, Pakistan

Abstract

Background: Coronary Angiography (CA) is the gold standard technique to find out ischemia in coronary arteries through direct visualization of vasculature. There is a minimum risk in CA, however, some post procedure complications have been observed. Non-vascular complications can range from minor to major; for instance: nausea, vomiting, bradycardia, changes in blood pressure, dye induced nephropathy, vasovagal reactions, and chest discomfort etc. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted with 70 patients and 70 nurses. The purpose of this study was to check risk factors associated with complications of coronary angiography at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi, Pakistan. Data was collected through structured and validated checklist to note patients’ demographics and observe nursing practices. The data was analyzed using logistic regression model to find out associations between risk factors and complications. The relationship between nursing practices and complication was analyzed by spearman correlation.

Results: The result of this study revealed that the risk factors such as age Patient’s age (P-value

<0.038), gender (P-value <0.026), smoking (P-value <0.021), and family history (P-value

<0.004) were significantly associated with non-vascular complications of coronary angiography. However, factors such as co-morbidities, body mass index, and medication compliance were found statistically insignificant. The result also revealed that there is strong negative relationship between practice of nurses and development of complication. Conclusion: This study found that Patient’s age, male gender, smoking, daily walk, and family history are associated with non-vascular complications of coronary angiography. We also found the strong negative relationship between safe nursing practices and complication as a patient outcome. This study suggests that patients with these risk factors should be identified before coronary angiography for better prevention of complications.

Key Words: Risk Factors, Coronary Angiography Complications, Cardiac Catheterization